Extent of children's antibiotic exposure

Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance without Antibiotic Exposure

Antibiotic use is the main driver in the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Another unexplored possibility is that resistance evolves coincidentally in response to other selective pressures. We show that selection in the absence of antibiotics can coselect for decreased susceptibility to several antibiotics. Thus, genetic adaptation of bacteria to natural environments may drive resistance evol...

Plant Growth, Antibiotic Uptake, and Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in an Endophytic System of Pakchoi under Antibiotic Exposure

Antibiotic contamination in agroecosystems may cause serious problems, such as the proliferation of various antibiotic resistant bacteria and the spreading of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment or even to human beings. However, it is unclear whether environmental antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria, and ARGs can directly enter into, or occur in, the endophytic systems ...

Association of paternal diagnostic X-ray exposure with risk of infant leukemia. Investigators of the Childrens Cancer Group.

Whether low level radiation exposure before conception increases the risk of leukemia in offspring has been much debated. No study has specifically evaluated the effect of parental preconception diagnostic X-ray exposure in the development of leukemia among infants. Mothers of 302 infant leukemia cases (diagnosed at < or = 18 months of age) and 558 individually matched regional controls, and fa...

Impact of Procalcitonin (PCT)-Guided Antibiotic Management on Antibiotic Exposure and Outcomes: Real World Evidence

Impact of Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Management on Antibiotic Exposure and Outcomes: Real-world Evidence

Background Delayed pathogen identification and nonspecific clinical findings make definitive decisions regarding antibiotics challenging. The stimuli of bacterial toxins and inflammation make procalcitonin (PCT) unique in its ability to differentiate bacterial infection from other causes of inflammation, and thus it is useful for antibiotic management. The objective of our study was to evaluate...